A. Give TRUE or FALSE for the following
statements.
1.
Weight is
doubled at 4 months and tripled at 12 months. TRUE
2.
Height is
doubled at 4 years and tripled at 15 years. FALSE
3.
Lactose is
the main carbohydrate in human milk. TRUE
4.
Secretion
of breast milk depends on prolactin, oxytoxin and thyroxin hormones. TRUE
5.
Loss of
subcutaneous fat of the thigh and buttocks in first degree of marasmus. FALSE
6.
Oedema in
kwashiorkor usually starts on the dorsa of hands and feet. TRUE
7.
Low serum
alkaline phosphatase with normal serum calcium can be detected in rickets. FALSE
8.
Cholera is
one of the examples of entero-toxigenic diarrhoea. TRUE
9.
The cells
increase in size and become swollen in hypertonic dehydration. FALSE
10.
Shock and
metabolic alkalosis are possible complications of severe cases of diarrhoea. FALSE
B. Cross match the statements in the two
columns.
Dentition (primary teeth)
1.Central incisors ( c )
|
a) 18 months
|
2.Lateral incisors ( e )
|
b) 24 months
|
3.Canines ( a )
|
c) 6 months
|
4.First molars ( d )
|
d) 12 months
|
5.Second molars ( b )
|
e) 9 months
|
C. Enumerate:
1. Protective mechanisms in breast milk:
·
Oligosaccharides (favours the growth of Lactobacillus
bifidus)
·
Immunoglobulins (act as antibodies, IgA)
·
Lysozyme (attacks the cell wall of bacteria)
·
Lactoferrin (enhances bioavailability of iron from human
milk)
·
Macrophages, PMNs and Lymphocytes (microbial phagocytosis)
·
Intestinal growth factor (stimulate replacement of damaged
cell in intestinal tract)
2. Clinical manifestations of rickets:
·
Box shaped-head (caput quadratum)
·
Rosary bead-chest
·
Harrison sulcus
·
Pigeon chest
·
Scoliosis, dorsolumbar kyphosis (sitting) & lumbar
loidosis (standing)
·
Broad ends of long bones at wrists & ankles
·
Marfan’s sign
·
Bow leg pattern (genu varum) & knock knee appearance
(genu valgum)
·
Delayed motor development
·
Abdominal distention
·
Visceroptosis
·
Hypocalcaemic tetany
~
GOOD LUCK ~
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